{"id":35,"date":"2014-03-26T07:16:41","date_gmt":"2014-03-26T15:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.mozilla.org\/netpolicy\/?p=35"},"modified":"2014-03-26T07:16:41","modified_gmt":"2014-03-26T15:16:41","slug":"marco-civil-a-groundbreaking-although-not-perfect-victory-for-brazilian-internet-users","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.mozilla.org\/netpolicy\/2014\/03\/26\/marco-civil-a-groundbreaking-although-not-perfect-victory-for-brazilian-internet-users\/","title":{"rendered":"Marco Civil \u2013 A groundbreaking, although not perfect, victory for Brazilian Internet Users"},"content":{"rendered":"

The following is a guest post by Mozilla public policy contributor Norberto Nuno Andrade of the Berkeley Center for Law & Technology.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yesterday, the Bill known as The Marco Civil<\/a> or the \u201cInternet Civil Rights Framework\u201d was finally voted and approved by the Brazilian House of Representatives. It has been almost seven years since its inception as an academic draft proposal. After lengthy and enthusiastic discussions held by the Brazilian civil society through a pioneering public consultation process, and its stalemate in the Congress which postponed the voting of the Bill over ten times, the Marco Civil is now a reality, pending only its approval by the Senate and the President.<\/p>\n

The Marco Civil constitutes the first comprehensive set of Internet rules in Brazil. It establishes a list of principles, guarantees, rights and responsibilities for Brazilian individuals, government and companies regarding Internet use. And, importantly, it is based on the principles of freedom of expression, privacy protection and network neutrality. For those advocating in favor of a free, open and accessible Internet in Brazil, the Marco Civil is a groundbreaking victory.<\/p>\n

Although, as with most victories, this one is not absolute. Even though the problematic requirement for global Internet companies to establish data centers in Brazil was erased from the final version, another controversial amendment regarding Internet users\u2019 privacy remained. This is the case of the provision on mandatory data retention (art. 15)<\/a>, which weakens to an important extent the right to privacy of Brazilian Internet users by requiring sites to keep access and usage logs of their online services for six months. This requirement covers not only connection logs, but also navigation and other application logs. While bloggers, sites and applications with no profit-making intentions are exempt, Article 15 imposes an unprecedented duty to all \u201cfor profit\u201d Brazilian web entities without the requirement to obtain the user\u2019s consent. The storage requirement exacerbates the risk of having data being misused and imposes higher economic and technical burdens on companies to keep all of this sensitive data properly and securely stored.<\/p>\n

Still, the Marco Civil attains a positive balance between the commercial goals, the legal enforcement needs and the public interest objectives of the Internet. This Bill sets forth important (and needed) digital rights for Brazilian citizens; brings clarity to the online legal landscape where companies need to operate; preserves the open nature and decentralized architecture of the Internet; and protects freedom of expression and privacy online, while ensuring network neutrality and promoting innovation. The Marco Civil, as a comprehensive piece of legislation regulating the use of the Internet, is groundbreaking in its nature, scope and purpose, and will hopefully lead other countries to follow suit in adopting strong protections for openness and privacy online.<\/p>\n

\n

Marco Civil \u2013 Uma vit\u00f3ria hist\u00f3rica, embora n\u00e3o perfeita, para os internautas Brasileiros<\/p>\n

O projeto de lei n\u00ba 2.126 de 2011, mais conhecido como o “Marco Civil da Internet” foi, ontem, finalmente votado e aprovado pela C\u00e2mara dos Deputados do Brasil. Quase sete anos passaram desde a sua cria\u00e7\u00e3o como proposta proveniente do setor acad\u00e9mico. Ap\u00f3s uma s\u00e9rie de longos e animados debates realizados atrav\u00e9s de um processo de consulta p\u00fablica pioneiro que contou com a participa\u00e7\u00e3o massiva da sociedade civil brasileira, e depois de um prolongado impasse na C\u00e2mara que adiou a vota\u00e7\u00e3o do projeto de lei mais de dez vezes, o Marco Civil \u00e9 agora uma realidade, faltando apenas que seja aprovado pelo Senado e submetido \u00e0 san\u00e7\u00e3o presidencial.<\/p>\n

A nova lei constitui o primeiro conjunto global e sistem\u00e1tico de normas para a Internet no Brasil, estabelecendo uma s\u00e9rie de princ\u00edpios, garantias, direitos e responsabilidades – relativas \u00e0 utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da Internet – para usu\u00e1rios, empresas e governo. Ainda mais importante, esta legisla\u00e7\u00e3o baseia-se nos princ\u00edpios da liberdade de express\u00e3o, prote\u00e7\u00e3o da privacidade e neutralidade da rede. Para todos os que defendem e promovem uma Internet livre, aberta e acess\u00edvel no Brasil, o Marco Civil representa uma vit\u00f3ria hist\u00f3rica para os internautas brasileiros.<\/p>\n

Embora certamente hist\u00f3rica, esta vit\u00f3ria n\u00e3o \u00e9 absoluta. Apesar de ter retirado do texto final a emenda que obrigava empresas globais de Internet a manterem estruturas de armazenamento de dados (\u2018data centers\u2019) em territ\u00f3rio nacional, a C\u00e2mara decidiu manter uma outra emenda que enfraquece acentuadamente o direito \u00e0 privacidade dos usu\u00e1rios brasileiros. Trata-se da disposi\u00e7\u00e3o relativa \u00e0 guarda obrigat\u00f3ria de dados (Art. 15)<\/a>, atrav\u00e9s da qual se exige que provedores de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de Internet mantenham os respectivos registros de acesso a essas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es pelo prazo de seis meses (tais como hist\u00f3ricos de navega\u00e7\u00e3o). Importa real\u00e7ar que esta disposi\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o se aplica a blogues, sites e outras aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de Internet constitu\u00eddas sem fins econ\u00f3micos. Ainda sim, esta norma imp\u00f5e um dever de guarda, gen\u00e9rico e sem precedentes, a todos os provedores brasileiros que administrem um site e \/ ou apresentem servi\u00e7os online com fins lucrativos, obrigando-os assim a manter os dados pessoais dos seus usu\u00e1rios sem necessidade de obter o seu consentimento. A obriga\u00e7\u00e3o da guarda de dados agrava o risco e aumenta a probabilidade da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o incorreta desses dados. Al\u00e9m do mais, a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de todos esses dados em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a sobrecarregar\u00e1 os respectivos provedores com maiores encargos econ\u00f3micos e provid\u00eancias de cariz t\u00e9cnico.<\/p>\n

Ainda assim, o Marco Civil concilia de forma positiva os objetivos comerciais das empresas, os requerimentos necess\u00e1rios \u00e0 prossecu\u00e7\u00e3o de investiga\u00e7\u00f5es por parte de autoridades policiais, e os prop\u00f3sitos de interesse p\u00fablico da Internet. Esta legisla\u00e7\u00e3o assegura importantes (e necess\u00e1rios) direitos digitais aos cidad\u00e3os brasileiros; clarifica pr\u00e9vios pontos amb\u00edguos e preenche lacunas na legisla\u00e7\u00e3o, facilitando o cumprimento da lei por parte de empresas que atuam no Brasil; preserva o car\u00e1ter aberto e descentralizado da arquitetura da Internet; e protege a liberdade de express\u00e3o e a privacidade do usu\u00e1rio, garantindo simultaneamente a neutralidade da rede e a inova\u00e7\u00e3o online. O Marco Civil, como instrumento legislativo abrangente que regulamenta o uso da Internet, \u00e9 inovador em termos de car\u00e1ter, \u00e2mbito e finalidade. Esperemos que outros pa\u00edses sigam o exemplo brasileiro do Marco Civil, adotando leis similares que reforcem a privacidade dos internautas e promovam a abertura da Internet.<\/p>\n

Norberto Andrade<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The following is a guest post by Mozilla public policy contributor Norberto Nuno Andrade of the Berkeley Center for Law & Technology. 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